In regions where both groundwater and surface water resources are utilized, groundwater serves as a suitable option for water supply during periods of river water shortages. The purpose of the research is to study the feasibility and management of integrated water resources utilization in the Garmsar alluvial fan. The research adopts an applied-theoretical approach in terms of objectives and a descriptive-analytical method in terms of methodology. Information and data were collected through both library research and field studies. First, the research factors were identified and extracted, then weighting using the SECA method. The feasibility and management study of integrated water resource utilization in arid regions, especially in marginal areas of Iran such as the Garmsar alluvial fan, are of great importance. The results indicate that optimal utilization of water supplied by the Garmsar alluvial fan requires implementing integrated and sustainable management methods. This includes the optimal use of drip irrigation in agriculture and improved coordination between urban and rural water use to ensure sustainable resource management. Overall, this research underscores the need to develop comprehensive, evidence-based strategies for water resources management in the arid regions of Iran, balancing sustainable development with natural resource conservation. Accordingly, the climate criterion with a weight of 0.1817 was identified as the highest priority, followed by the water consumption rate criterion (0.1564) and the water resources quality criterion (0.1521). Among the evaluated options, efficiency and productivity of resource use ranked first, Sustainability of water resources ranked second, and management and policy-making systems ranked third.

This paper evaluated an integrated water resources management approach through linked WEAP-MODFLOW model. Study area is Ravasnar-Sanjabi plain located in Kermanshah province in the west of Iran. A MODFLOW model was evaluated and then, accepted as a groundwater model for the region in present research. Schematic WEAP model was provided as representing general features of water resources system after designing a conceptual model for the study area. The simplified rainfall-runoff model in WEAP was used to perform hydrological simulations. In the second step of present research, the groundwater model was linked to WEAP dynamically. Simulation years with 12 time steps per year included years of 2007-2015 for creating and verifying WEAP-MODFLOW model and years of 2015-2030 for performing scenarios. Statistical criteria included mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe (NASH), with Box plot diagram being selected to assess accuracy of calibrated model. Four scenarios were implemented for 2015 until 2030. They included unchanged present situation and situations with 35%, 45% and 57% reduction of groundwater and surface water withdrawal. Results showed that the fourth scenario with a 57% decrease in the extraction of surface water and groundwater resources was the best one. Based on this scenario, exploitation of the system will be sustainable, with the system recovering as 0. 023 meter rising per year. Finally, the results of present study indicated that the approach was feasible for planning and managing water resources in spite of the lack of some data.

The water resources in Africa is very sensitive to climate changes and climate variability. Over 95 percent of Africa’ s agriculture is rain-fed and rural populations depend on agriculture and other natural resources for their livelihoods, and their crops are sensitive to the small changes in temperature and rainfall regimes. Climate change is expected to alter not only the hydrological cycle, temperature balance, and the rainfall patterns across Africa but also has the potential to add to existing pressure on basin biodiversity, basin biological and water productivity. Africa has experienced at least one major drought each decade over the past 30 years. Climatologists have underlined the high year-to-year inconstancy of precipitation sums and the related dry season time frames and warmth waves. It is expected that worldwide there will be a 40 percent increase in demand for water by 2030. Major concerns for the water sector in Africa include the limited access to water, including groundwater, and limited governance capacity. Excessive pumping of shallow aquifers in Africa may bring about saltwater intrusion only as contamination of groundwater, lakes, and decrease in hydropower vitality as an immediate outcome to climatic changes and may prompts genuine water disputes. Water management is a pressing challenge, which, if not improved now, could see its problems greatly exacerbated in a future, warmer climate.

The system of water resources is influenced by several factors affecting in a particular geographical environment or in a wider space. Sometimes, these effects are such that, the conditions for access to healthy water resources have been faced with massive problems and performances of water resource planning and management. The goal of water resource planning and management is to match the socio-economic system demand of water with the supply of the water system through administrative control and management, without damaging sustainability of ecosystem. This can be achieved by identifying effective and influential factors, both from water supply side, and demand side of the various sectors of the society. Therefore, in the present study, it was attempted to identify key factors and drivers affecting in the future of water resources of Tabriz County till 2041 vision based on the Integrated Water Resources Management. Meanwhile, to apply appropriate policy strategies. Based on some 46 primary factors were identified by the panel of experts by using the resource review and Delphi method. In order to determine the key factors and effective drivers in this system, 15 factors were introduced using the cross impact matrix. The final findings indicate that environmental and economic factors have the largest share as the main actors in this collection and will play a more effective role in the future of water resources and it is expected that driver affecting of County water resources to be one of the environmental and economic components.

Groundwater is considered as one of the main sources of drinking water supply and agriculture, especially in the north of Iran. Also, increasing the distance of supply and demand will inevitably pay attention to the principles of optimal water allocation and this make necessary the management of water supply and demand. Therefore, recognizing the important factors of recharge and discharge of groundwater is one of the fundamental factors in the proper management of comprehensive water resources, including agricultural sector. In this research, the simulation model and allocation management model were used in the Talar basin basin, Mazandaran province. At first, the groundwater of study area was simulated using the MODFLOW, and then the information from the groundwater model was transferred to the WEAP model for water allocation in the study area. In order to plan and manage the study area in the modeling environment, different scenarios were applied and its impact was investigated on the supply and demand status and changes in groundwater storage and water table. The results of MODFLOW calibration showed that there is a good correlation between observed and simulated water level so that the RMSE for steady and non-steady flows was 0. 336 and 0. 49, respectively. Also, the results of the WEAP model based on the drought scenario showed that the area with will face to decrease of 10 million cubic meters in reservoir volume, which water resources condition will be more critical. The results showed that by combining the groundwater model and integrated water resource management model, more reliable results would be obtained in the studied plain.